Screening of maternal serum has gradually evolved into a routine component of the first-stage pregnancy care. However, many parents-to-be remain unclear about the test’s purpose and why doctors suggest it. This blood test is usually done in the first or second trimester to provide the earliest clues about the unborn baby’s developmental risks.
What Is Maternal Serum Screening?
Maternal serum screening (MSS) is a diagnostic process that helps identify markers in a pregnant woman’s blood. These markers allow doctors to visualize fetal development. The test doesn’t provide a final diagnosis. Still, it helps to identify if there is a higher chance of chromosomal conditions, such as Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome, or neural tube defects. Many people sometimes misunderstand it as a confirmatory test, but actually, it is more like an early alert.
How the Test Works
The blood sample from the mother is used to check the protein and hormone levels that are present during pregnancy. If these levels are higher or lower than expected, the unborn child is considered to be at risk. Factors like the mother’s age, weight, medical history, and how far along the pregnancy is will also affect the overall risk calculation, so the reports are never read only based on the blood values.
Why Maternal Serum Screening Matters
One of the main reasons MSS is important is that it gives early awareness. In many pregnancies, problems do not manifest symptoms; thus, this screening is done to detect risk patterns that would otherwise go unnoticed. Early detection of any problem during pregnancy will help the parent to plan the next steps efficiently and take early preventive measures. Besides that, it can be beneficial for doctors who need to organize a more structured follow-up, thereby improving care throughout the pregnancy.
Types of Maternal Serum Screening
There are usually two common types of MSS tests
- The First-Trimester Screening tests for markers such as PAPP-A and hCG, often combined with an ultrasound (NT scan). This test is done between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy.
- Similarly, Second-Trimester Screening, also known as the Quad Test, is based on the measurement of four markers and is performed between 15 and 20 weeks. Some people choose to undergo both tests to obtain more detailed information, but this decision depends mainly on the doctor’s advice and the mother’s medical history.
Accuracy and Limitations
Maternal serum screening (MSS) is a risk-assessment tool, not a diagnostic test. The test can only show the possibility of a condition, not confirm it. There are some cases in which the test results indicate a high-risk scenario even though the baby is healthy, and a few instances in which the risk is not apparent. Therefore, MSS abnormalities are usually followed by recommendations for additional tests, such as NIPT or amniocentesis. Many parents feel stressed when they see the word “high risk,” but it doesn’t always mean something is definitely wrong.
When Should Expectant Parents Consider It
Most pregnant women are offered maternal serum screening as part of routine care, especially if they are in their first pregnancy or above a certain maternal age. It is also helpful for parents who have a family history of genetic conditions or have had complications in earlier pregnancies. Since the test is non-invasive and only requires a simple blood sample, it is considered safe for both mother and baby.
How to Get the Test Done
A gynaecologist usually suggests the screening, which can be done at any certified diagnostic centre. The sample process is quick, and the results might take a few days, depending on the lab’s process. Many centres, including MedGenome, work with clinics to make sample collection easier.
Final Thoughts
Maternal serum screening plays a helpful role in early pregnancy by providing doctors and parents with early insights into potential risks. It doesn’t confirm any condition, but it offers guidance on the next steps. Understanding the purpose of the test can make the experience less confusing and help expectant parents feel more prepared during the early months of pregnancy.
Santosh Kumar is a Professional SEO and Blogger, With the help of this blog he is trying to share top 10 lists, facts, entertainment news from India and all around the world.
